retrospective study of ovarian tumours and tumour-like lesions

Ovaries are common site of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. They can present from the neonatal period to post menopause. Most are functional in nature and resolve with minimal treatment. Objective of the study was to determine the nature of various ovarian lesions and to ascertain the frequency and distribution of the various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. The study was a retrospective review of all cases of ovarian cancer, benign ovarian neoplasm and functional ovarian cysts received during Jan-Dec 2008 at Chughtai's Lahore Laboratory. The clinical data of the patients was obtained from their respective files. A total of 498 different non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions were seen during one calendar year 2008. Non-neoplastic cysts were more common [343, 68.87%] than neoplastic tumours [155, 31.12%]. The commonest non-neoplastic cyst was luteal cyst followed by follicular cyst. Among the neoplastic tumours 78.70% were benign and 21.29% were malignant. Benign serous cysts were the commonest benign tumour followed by mature cystic teratoma and mucinous cyst. Serous cystadenocarcinoma was the commonest malignant tumour followed closely by endometrioid carcinoma and granulosa cell tumour. Krukenberg tumour, tumour metastatic to ovaries and non-Hodgkins lymphoma was also diagnosed during this period. Malignant germ cell tumours were seen in much younger age group followed by sex cord stromal tumours. Epithelial tumours were seen in much older age group. The morphologic diversity of ovarian masses poses many challenges. A specific diagnosis can usually be made by evaluating routinely stained slides but sometimes immunohistochemistry is required in difficult cases. Gross features also provide useful diagnostic clues

Clinico-morphological pattern of bone lesions in children

The present study was performed to find the spectrum of bone diseases in children and to correlate with age, sex, and site of origin. This was a retrospective study and consists of 95 cases of hone biopsies which were diagnosed in the Department of Pathology at the Institute of Child Health and Children's Hospital, Lahore during a period of six years [Jan 2003-Dec 2008]. These biopsies were evaluated on haematoxylin and eosin stained sections from paraffin embedded tissue blocks. Special stains were performed whenever required. Pyogenic osteomyelitis [OM] accounted for 35.78% of all bone pathologies followed by tuberculous osteomyelitis in 22.10%. Osteosarcoma [OS] was the most frequent [primary tumour of bone followed by Ewing's sarcoma [ES]. One case of metastatic bone tumour was also recorded. Osteochondroma, osteoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, fibro-osseous dysplasia, chondroma and simple bone cyst were also found in children. The bone tumours are relatively more prevalent in males

Significance of grade in relation to oestrogen receptor status and Ki-67 proliferative index in cancer breast

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between oestrogeu receptor [ER] status and Ki-67 proliferation index in relation to age of the patients, grade, size of tumours and lymph node involvement in carcinoma of the breast in a local population. It is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The study was conducted during a period of 12 months in the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore. A total of 100 cases of carcinoma of the breast were collected and immunohistochemistry was carried out on all the tumours. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 16. A significant inverse correlation between ER and grade of tumours was observed with a p-value being < 0.005 and r value of -0.281. As a conclusion it was found that ER and grade of tumours had significant inverse correlation, whereas there was no significant correlation between Ki-67 proliferative index and grade of tumours. It was also concluded that there was no significance of age of the patients, tumour size and lymph node involvement